滾珠絲杠的選型注意事項(xiàng)

Precautions for selecting ball screws

滾珠絲杠作為現(xiàn)代自動(dòng)化機(jī)械不可或缺的一個(gè)重要零件，在選型、使用和安裝方法及維護(hù)上需要注意什么問(wèn)題呢？

As an indispensable and important component of modern automation machinery, what issues should be paid attention to in the selection, use, installation methods, and maintenance of ball screws?

今天，來(lái)討論一下滾珠絲杠的選型過(guò)程中對(duì)于滾珠絲杠本身需要注意的主要參數(shù)。

Today, let's discuss the main parameters that need to be paid attention to in the selection process of ball screws.

公稱直徑。就是滾珠絲杠的外徑，滾珠絲杠常見(jiàn)的規(guī)格有12、14、16、20、25、32、40、50、63、80、100、120，不過(guò)請(qǐng)注意，這些規(guī)格中，各大滾珠絲杠廠家一般只備16-50的貨，也就是說(shuō)，其他直徑大部分都是期貨。滾珠絲杠公稱直徑和負(fù)載基本成正比，滾珠絲杠直徑越大負(fù)載越大，具體數(shù)值參考廠家樣本。

Nominal diameter. It is the outer diameter of the ball screw. Common specifications for ball screws include 12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80, 100, and 120. However, please note that among these specifications, major ball screw manufacturers generally only stock 16-50 sizes, which means that most other diameters are futures. The nominal diameter of the ball screw is basically proportional to the load, and the larger the diameter of the ball screw, the greater the load. Please refer to the manufacturer's sample for specific values.

導(dǎo)程。滾珠絲杠導(dǎo)程也稱螺距，就是螺桿每旋轉(zhuǎn)一周螺母直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的距離，常見(jiàn)的滾珠絲杠導(dǎo)程有1、2、4、6、8、10、16、20、25、32、40，中小導(dǎo)程現(xiàn)貨產(chǎn)品一般只有5、10，大導(dǎo)程一般有1616、2020、2525、3232、4040（四位數(shù)字前兩位是滾珠絲杠直徑，后兩位是滾珠絲杠導(dǎo)程），其他規(guī)格廠家大多來(lái)單生產(chǎn)。滾珠絲杠導(dǎo)程與直線速度有關(guān)，在輸入轉(zhuǎn)速一定的情況下，導(dǎo)程越大速度越快。

Lead. Ball screw lead, also known as pitch, is the distance that the nut moves in a straight line for each rotation of the screw. Common ball screw leads include 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16, 20, 25, 32, and 40. Small and medium-sized lead products are generally only available in stock at 5 and 10, while large lead products generally include 1616, 2020, 2525, 3232, and 4040 (the first two digits of the four digits are the diameter of the ball screw, and the last two digits are the lead of the ball screw). Most manufacturers of other specifications produce them individually. The lead of a ball screw is related to its linear velocity. At a constant input speed, the larger the lead, the faster the speed.

長(zhǎng)度。滾珠絲杠長(zhǎng)度有兩個(gè)概念，一個(gè)是滾珠絲杠全長(zhǎng)。另一個(gè)是滾珠絲杠螺紋長(zhǎng)度。螺紋長(zhǎng)度=有效行程+螺母長(zhǎng)度+設(shè)計(jì)余量（如果需要安裝防護(hù)罩，還要考慮防護(hù)罩壓縮后的長(zhǎng)度）。

Length. There are two concepts for the length of a ball screw, one is the total length of the ball screw. The other is the thread length of the ball screw. Thread length=effective travel+nut length+design allowance (if a protective cover needs to be installed, the compressed length of the protective cover should also be considered).

螺母形式。滾珠絲杠螺母形式有以下幾種，按法蘭形式分大約有圓法蘭、單切邊法蘭、雙切邊法蘭和無(wú)法蘭幾種；按螺母長(zhǎng)度分有單螺母和雙螺母。在滾珠絲杠安裝尺寸和性能允許的情況下，設(shè)計(jì)者在選用時(shí)盡量選擇常規(guī)形式。

Nut form. There are several forms of ball screw nuts, which can be roughly divided into circular flange, single cut edge flange, double cut edge flange, and non flange according to the flange form; According to the length of the nut, there are single nuts and double nuts. When the installation size and performance of ball screws allow, designers should try to choose conventional forms when selecting.

精度。滾珠絲杠按GB分類有P類和T類，即傳動(dòng)類和定位類，滾珠絲杠精度等級(jí)有1、2、3、4幾種，國(guó)外產(chǎn)品則以C0~C10或具體數(shù)值表示，滾珠絲杠精度和關(guān)聯(lián)性很大，并且精度的概念是組合和維持，螺桿的導(dǎo)程誤差不能說(shuō)明整套滾珠絲杠的誤差，出廠精度合格不能說(shuō)明額定使用壽命內(nèi)都維持這個(gè)精度。這個(gè)與滾珠絲杠生產(chǎn)廠家的生產(chǎn)工藝有關(guān)。

Accuracy. Ball screws are classified into P and T categories according to GB, namely transmission and positioning. There are several accuracy levels for ball screws, such as 1, 2, 3, and 4. For foreign products, they are represented by C0~C10 or specific values. The accuracy of ball screws is closely related to their price, and the concept of accuracy is combination and maintenance. The lead error of the screw cannot explain the error of the entire set of ball screws, and qualified factory accuracy cannot indicate that this accuracy will be maintained throughout the rated service life. This is related to the production process of the ball screw manufacturer.

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