在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，導(dǎo)軌絲杠作為實(shí)現(xiàn)精確直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵部件，發(fā)揮著不可或缺的作用。它們廣泛應(yīng)用于數(shù)控機(jī)床、自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線、機(jī)器人等設(shè)備，為工業(yè)制造的高精度和率提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)保障。

In modern industrial production, the guide screw plays an indispensable role as a key component for achieving precise linear motion. They are widely used in CNC machine tools, automated production lines, robots and other equipment, providing a solid guarantee for high precision and efficiency in industrial manufacturing.

導(dǎo)軌絲杠的工作原理

Working principle of guide screw

導(dǎo)軌絲杠是一種將旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的機(jī)械裝置，由絲杠和導(dǎo)軌組成。絲杠通常為螺紋桿，通過(guò)旋轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)推動(dòng)螺母作直線運(yùn)動(dòng)；導(dǎo)軌則為螺母提供導(dǎo)向，確保其運(yùn)動(dòng)的直線度和穩(wěn)定性。二者緊密配合，實(shí)現(xiàn)了高精度的直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。

A guide screw is a mechanical device that converts rotational motion into linear motion, consisting of a screw and a guide rail. Screw is usually a threaded rod that drives the nut to move in a straight line by rotating it; The guide rail provides guidance for the nut, ensuring its straightness and stability in motion. The two work closely together to achieve high-precision linear motion.

導(dǎo)軌絲杠的類(lèi)型

Types of guide screw

滾珠絲杠：在絲杠和螺母之間安裝滾珠，以滾動(dòng)摩擦代替滑動(dòng)摩擦，大大提高了傳動(dòng)效率和精度。滾珠絲杠具有高精度、率、低摩擦、長(zhǎng)壽命等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，廣泛應(yīng)用于數(shù)控機(jī)床、精密加工設(shè)備等領(lǐng)域。

Ball screw: Installing balls between the screw and nut to replace sliding friction with rolling friction greatly improves transmission efficiency and accuracy. Ball screws have the advantages of high precision, high efficiency, low friction, and long service life, and are widely used in fields such as CNC machine tools and precision machining equipment.

梯形絲杠：牙型為梯形，螺母和絲杠直接接觸，依靠滑動(dòng)摩擦實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。梯形絲杠結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、承載能力大，但傳動(dòng)效率較低，常用于低速、重載的場(chǎng)合，如機(jī)床的工作臺(tái)進(jìn)給、升降機(jī)構(gòu)等。

Trapezoidal lead screw: The tooth shape is trapezoidal, and the nut and lead screw are in direct contact, relying on sliding friction to achieve motion. The trapezoidal screw has a simple structure and high load-bearing capacity, but its transmission efficiency is relatively low. It is commonly used in low-speed and heavy-duty situations, such as the worktable feed and lifting mechanism of machine tools.

行星滾柱絲杠：在絲杠和螺母之間布置多個(gè)行星滾柱，通過(guò)滾柱的滾動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。行星滾柱絲杠具有高剛性、高承載能力、高精度等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，適用于航空航天、重載機(jī)床等對(duì)性能要求極高的領(lǐng)域。

Planetary roller screw: Multiple planetary rollers are arranged between the screw and nut to achieve motion through the rolling of the rollers. The planetary roller screw has the advantages of high rigidity, high load-bearing capacity, and high precision, and is suitable for fields with extremely high performance requirements such as aerospace and heavy-duty machine tools.

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