導(dǎo)軌直線度是各項(xiàng)機(jī)床精度的基礎(chǔ)精度，導(dǎo)軌直線度對(duì)多項(xiàng)機(jī)床精度都有著直接的影響，其檢測(cè)儀器和檢測(cè)方法較多也較為復(fù)雜，并應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況采取不同的檢測(cè)儀器和不同的檢測(cè)方法。本文對(duì)導(dǎo)軌直線度的檢測(cè)方法作一綜合敘述。

The straightness of guide rails is the fundamental accuracy of various machine tools, and it has a direct impact on multiple machine tool accuracies. There are many and complex detection instruments and methods, and different detection instruments and methods should be adopted according to different situations. This article provides a comprehensive description of the detection method for straightness of guide rails.

　　1：用水平儀檢測(cè)導(dǎo)軌直線度

1: Using a spirit level to measure the straightness of the guide rail

　　水平儀是檢測(cè)導(dǎo)軌直線度的常用儀器，使用方便且檢測(cè)精度較高。一般常用外形規(guī)格尺寸為200×200，測(cè)量精度為0.02/1000的框式水平儀。但水平儀只能檢查導(dǎo)軌在垂直面的直線度誤差。

The level is a commonly used instrument for detecting the straightness of guide rails, which is convenient to use and has high detection accuracy. A commonly used frame level with a size of 200 × 200 and a measurement accuracy of 0.02/1000 is commonly used. But the spirit level can only check the straightness error of the guide rail in the vertical plane.

　　2：用光學(xué)平直儀檢測(cè)導(dǎo)軌直線度

2: Detecting the straightness of guide rails using an optical straightness tester

　　光學(xué)平直儀可用來(lái)檢測(cè)導(dǎo)軌在垂直面的直線度誤差，也可用來(lái)檢測(cè)導(dǎo)軌在水平面的直線度誤差，且精度較高。但光學(xué)平直儀的安裝調(diào)整較為復(fù)雜，需請(qǐng)的計(jì)量人員操作。對(duì)于行程長(zhǎng)度大于1.6米的精密機(jī)床，其導(dǎo)軌在水平面的直線度使用光學(xué)平直儀進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。對(duì)于行程長(zhǎng)度小于等于1.6米的機(jī)床，其導(dǎo)軌在水平面的直線度一般不用光學(xué)平直儀檢測(cè)，而用檢查棒和百分表進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。

The optical straightness tester can be used to detect the straightness error of the guide rail in the vertical plane, as well as the straightness error of the guide rail in the horizontal plane, with high accuracy. However, the installation and adjustment of the optical collimator are relatively complex and require professional metrology personnel to operate. For precision machine tools with a stroke length greater than 1.6 meters, it is best to use an optical straightness tester to check the straightness of the guide rail in the horizontal plane. For machine tools with a travel length of less than or equal to 1.6 meters, the straightness of the guide rail in the horizontal plane is generally not measured by an optical straightness tester, but by a inspection rod and a dial gauge.

　　3：用鋼絲和讀數(shù)顯微鏡檢測(cè)導(dǎo)軌直線度

3: Testing the straightness of guide rails using steel wires and reading microscopes

　　對(duì)于行程長(zhǎng)度大于1.6米的機(jī)床，當(dāng)導(dǎo)軌直線度要求不太高時(shí)，可用鋼絲和讀數(shù)顯微鏡對(duì)導(dǎo)軌在水平面的直線度進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。因?yàn)殇摻z的直徑誤差對(duì)檢測(cè)精度有直接影響，所以精度不太高。為保證導(dǎo)軌直線度的檢測(cè)精度，使用光學(xué)平直儀檢測(cè)大行程機(jī)床導(dǎo)軌在水平面的直線度誤差。

For machine tools with a stroke length greater than 1.6 meters, when the straightness requirement for the guide rail is not too high, steel wires and a reading microscope can be used to detect the straightness of the guide rail in the horizontal plane. Because the diameter error of the steel wire has a direct impact on the detection accuracy, the accuracy is not very high. To ensure the accuracy of measuring the straightness of the guide rail, it is best to use an optical straightness tester to measure the straightness error of the large stroke machine tool guide rail in the horizontal plane.

　　4：用檢查棒和百分表檢測(cè)導(dǎo)軌直線度

4: Use inspection rods and dial gauges to check the straightness of the guide rail

　　對(duì)于行程長(zhǎng)度小于等于1.6米的機(jī)床，可用檢查棒和百分表檢測(cè)機(jī)床床鞍沿導(dǎo)軌的運(yùn)動(dòng)在水平面的直線度誤差。

For machine tools with a travel length of less than or equal to 1.6 meters, a check rod and a dial gauge can be used to detect the straightness error of the machine tool saddle's movement along the guide rail in the horizontal plane.

　　5：導(dǎo)軌平行度測(cè)量系統(tǒng)

5: Rail parallelism measurement system

　　不僅適合于平行度測(cè)量。還可以使用該系統(tǒng)測(cè)量水平度、直線度和平面度、基礎(chǔ)的平面度和軋輥的直線度、平行度測(cè)量

Not only suitable for parallelism measurement. The system can also be used to measure levelness, straightness, flatness, basic flatness, and straightness and parallelism of rolling rolls

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